银杏特异种质核型进化趋势

首次以银杏幼叶为试材,采用压片法,对来自中国、美国、法国、日本及荷兰的21个特异种质的核型及进化趋势进行研究.结果表明:染色体数目均为2n=2x=24=4m 8sm 12st;染色体相对长度组成(RLF)种质间差异较大,并有普遍加长的趋势;平均臂比(MAR)、长度比(LR)及核型不对称系数(As.K.c)能较好地反映其进化水平,'垂乳银杏'较原始,中国的'叶籽银杏'比日本的'叶籽银杏'更原始;遗传距离(Dü2)聚类发现,'圣克鲁斯'、'金秋'等6个种质更为进化.染色体绝对总长度(ATL)、相对总长度(RTL)、相对长度系数(IRL)、总形态百分比(TM)、平均臂比(MAR)、长度比(LR)和As.K.c的均值分别为7.64 μm、8.33%、1.00、28.96%、2.94、2.71和71.04%.对银杏的细胞遗传学及进化进行探讨.     

施放生物定时水对造林地水分动态影响的研究

根据实地测定和前人研究成果,分析了施放生物定时水后土壤含水率、土壤水分蒸发、土壤水分渗漏及植物水分吸收关系,推导出造林植物需补充水量的公式,为生物定时水的造林应用提供理论依据。     

Mechanical properties of wood in an unstable state due to temperature changes,and analysis of the relevant mechanism IV: effect of chemical components on destabilization of wood

In order to investigate the effects of chemical components and matrix structure on the destabilization of quenched wood, we examined the physical and mechanical properties of steam-treated wood, hemicellulose-extracted wood, and delignified wood, which were treated at different levels. For steam-treated and hemicellulose-extracted wood,the relative relaxation modulus of the quenched sample was lower than that of the respective control sample. For delignified wood, the relative relaxation modulus fell with weight loss and reached a minimum value at a certain weight loss, and subsequently increased significantly. The hygroscopicity of all treated samples changed slightly by steaming, whereas increased with removing the component. More-over, the average volumetric swelling per 1% MC at 100% relative humidity (RH) was less than at 75% RH and 93% RH for component-removed wood. It was clear that a void structure existed. As a result, the destabilization evaluated by the fluidity (1 - E _t/E ₀) of steam-treated wood was influenced by the amount of adsorbed water. For component-removed wood, destabilization increased temporarily at lower weight loss because of nonuniform cohesive structure. At high weight loss, destabilization will decreased because capillary-condensed water gathered in the voids and obstructed the motion of adsorbed water. However, the destabilization of all treated wood changed less than that of chemically modified wood.     

Contamination and browning in tissue culture of Platanus occidentalis L.

Twigs of 2–3-year-old Platanus occidentalis L. were used as experimental material to find the causes for the contamination and browning in the initial stages of tissue cultures. To compare the degree of browning of explants picked off from different growing seasons, the experimental material was excised from trees on each of the first ten days in January, March, May and July, 2006. The results indicated that the contamination and browning rates of the material cut off in January (14.2% and 30.6%, respectively) and March were somewhat lower than those in July. The pretreatment of soaking the explants in different anti-oxidants and absorbents at the same time could diminish some side effects. The pretreatment of using 10 g·L–1 vitamin C reduced the contamination and brown-ing rate effectively. An orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal factor and level arrangement is 0.5 mg·L–1 BA, 2.0 g·L–1 ac-tive carbon and 1.5 g·L–1 PVP which resulted in a browning rate of only 16.5%. In general, sampling period, physical properties and pretreatment of explants are the main factors responsible for the contamination and browning of material in the initial stages of P. occidentalis tissue cultures.     

粤西乐昌含笑种源试验分析*

以大坑山林场乐昌含笑种源试验林7年生观测数据作遗传变异分析,表型变异分析结果表明树高、胸径、材积、树干通直度、叶片大小、树冠浓密度和冠幅等7个性状种源间都存在较大的差异;方差分析结果表明大部分性状种源间差异达极显著或显著水平;遗传参数估计结果表明生长性状的种源遗传力处于中等偏下水平,形质性状处于中等水平,材积的遗传变异系数最大;根据多重比较结果,以材积为选择目标,选出6个速生种源,增益介于11.1%～35.1%之间。粤西乐昌含笑优良种源主要集中在广东和江西交界的多个县市。     

石榴溃疡病害病原学研究

对石榴溃疡病害3菌株所引起的病害症状、病原菌的形态学特征、培养学特性、生理学特性及分子遗传多样性等方面进行比较研究.结果表明:石榴疮痂病与石榴果实上增生型症状的病原菌具有更近的亲缘关系,应为同一病原菌引起,推测该病原菌首先侵染石榴侵染枝干,然后侵染石榴的花萼和果实;而石榴干腐病病原菌主要侵染枝干,是否侵染果实及引起症状特征需要继续进行研究和鉴定.     

杉木花粉母细胞减数分裂的细胞学特性及异常现象的观察

用2种荧光染料(CMA、DAPI)对3个杉木无性系花粉母细胞减数分裂的染色体进行荧光染色,发现在减数分裂的花粉母细胞的各个时期,染色质或染色体上有CMA荧光亮点出现,而无DAPI荧光亮点.在杉木花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中观察到一些异常细胞学行为,即单价体和多价体、染色体桥、滞后染色体、不均等分离、微核等异常现象. 对杉木花粉的生活力差异与杉木小孢子形成过程中减数分裂异常现象之间的关系进行了讨论.     

桑天牛幼虫高毒力白僵菌菌株筛选

为利用白僵菌防治桑天牛,从野外感病死亡昆虫体上进行分离,同时利用黄粉虫对河北省土壤中的白僵菌进行诱集.诱集结果表明:白僵菌较多存在于自然的或人为活动较少的土壤中.利用获得的菌株对桑天牛幼虫进行生物测定,初步筛选出Bi05和Bs04 2个致病力较强的菌株,其接种10 d后的死亡率分别为96.47% 和92.93%,致死中时分别为4.53 d和4.83 d,而其他菌株的死亡率在28.59%和 82.12%之间,致死中时从5.84 d到16.4 d.利用不同孢子浓度的悬浮液对桑天牛幼虫进行接种,进一步测定了Bi05和Bs04菌株的致死中浓度分别为6.76×105 和1.39×106 conidia·mL-1.Bi05和Bs04菌株具有生物防治桑天牛的潜力.     

Effect of maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene （MA-SEBS） on impact fracture behavior of polypropylene / wood fiber composites

MA-SEBS as compatibilizer and impact modifier was incorporated into Polypropylene/Wood Fiber （PP/WF） to enhance interface adhesion and impact strength of the composite. The effect of MA-SEBS content on the impact fracture behavior of PP/WF composites was studied. The impact properties of composites with 8% MA-SEBS reached the maximum value. And further increasing of MA-SEBS content to 10% did not improve the fracture toughness, but improved the stiffness of composites by DMA analysis. This was attributed to the improved PP/WF adhesion. As the MA-SEBS content is more than 8%, the molecule interaction of PP and WF was expected to much stronger than lower MA-SEBS. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was performed to analyze the impact fracture surface and showed a stronger affinity for the wood surfaces.     

浙江省森林公园开发建设与可持续发展

为更好地适应现代森林旅游业发展的需要,保持森林公园可持续发展,当前应当高度重视森林公园的新机制,重视整体与特色观念引入、保护性开发建设、风景林营造与林相改造、政府投入等问题。